Portugal

Geography 
Area: 92,391 sq. km.; includes continental Portugal, the Azores (2,333 sq. km.) and Madeira Islands (828 sq. km.); slightly smaller than the State of Indiana; located in Europe's southwest corner bordered by Spain (North and East, 1,214 km.) and the Atlantic Ocean (West and South, 1,793 km.).
Major cities: Lisbon (capital, metropolitan area pop. 2.1 million); Porto (metropolitan area pop. 1.9 million).
Terrain: Mountainous in the north; rolling plains in the central and southern regions.
Climate: Maritime temperate (Atlantic-Mediterranean); average annual temperature is 16°C (61°F). Temperatures may drop into the low 30s at night during the coldest months, with daytime highs in the 50s and 60s. The remainder of the year is normally sunny with minimal rainfall. Days are pleasant, with temperatures seldom exceeding 95° F, except in the southern interior of the country; afternoons and evenings are breezy, with nighttime temperatures in the 60s and low 70s; May-October (dry and warm), November-April (cool with rain and wind in the north, mild in the south).

People
Nationality: Noun and adjective--Portuguese (singular and plural).
Population (2007 est.): 10.6 million. Ages 0 to 14 years--1.6 million (male 840,000; female 798,000). Ages 15 to 24 years--1.3 million (male 646,000; female 620,000). Ages 25 to 64 years--5.9 million (male 2,881,000; female 2,987,000). Ages 65 and over years--1.8 million (male 764,000; female 1,065,000).
Population density: 114 per sq. km. (44 per sq. mi.).
Annual growth rate (2007 est.): 0.334%.
Ethnic groups: Homogeneous Mediterranean stock with small minority groups from Africa (Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique), South America (Brazil) and Eastern Europe (Ukraine, Romania).
Religion: Roman Catholic 92%, Protestant 4%, atheists 3%, others 1%.
Language: Portuguese.
Education: Years compulsory--9. Literacy (2004)--93.3%.
Health (2007 est.): Birth rate--10.59/1,000 (1.07 male/female). Death rate--10.56/1,000. Infant mortality rate--4.9/1,000. Life expectancy--77.87 years.
Work force (2007 est.): 5.5 million. Government and services (60%); industry and manufacturing (30%); agriculture and fishing (10%).

Government
Type: Republic.
Constitution: Effective April 25, 1976; revised October 30, 1982, June 1, 1989, November 5, 1992, and September 3, 1997.
Branches: Executive --president (head of state), Council of State (presidential advisory body), prime minister (head of government), Council of Ministers. Legislative--unicameral Assembly of the Republic (230 deputies): PS=121, PSD=75, PCP=12, CDS/PP=12, BE=8, PEV=2. Judicial--Supreme Court, District Courts, Appeals Courts, Constitutional Tribunal.
Major political parties: Socialist Party (PS), Social Democratic Party (PSD); Portuguese Communist Party (PCP); Popular Party (CDS/PP); Left Bloc (BE); Green Party (PEV).
Administrative subdivisions: 18 Districts (Lisbon, Leiria, Santarem, Setubal, Beja, Faro, Evora, Portalegre, Castelo Branco, Guarda, Coimbra, Aveiro, Viseu, Braganca, Vila Real, Oporto, Braga, Viana do Castelo); 2 Autonomous Island Regions (the Azores and Madeira).

Economy
GDP (2007 est.): €158 billion (approx. $232 billion).
Annual growth rate: (2007) 1.9%.
Per capita GDP (2007 est.): €14,906 (approx. $21,900).
Avg. inflation rate (2007 est.): 2.4%.
Services (gross value added 71.2%): Wholesale and retail trade; hotels and tourism; restaurants; transport, storage and communication; real estate; banking and finance; repair; government, civil, and public sectors.
Industry (gross value added 25.3%): Textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper, chemicals, auto-parts manufacturing, base metals, diary products, wine and other foods, porcelain and ceramics; glassware, technology; telecommunications.
Agriculture (gross value added 3.5%): Livestock, crops, fish.

Trade (2006): Exports--€34.5 billion (approx. $50.6 billion): Agricultural products 3.7%; food products 4.2%; oil products 5.5%; chemical products 5.1%; plastics and rubber 5.3%; skins and leather 0.3%; wood and cork 4.2%; wood pulp and paper 4.5%; textile materials 4.7%; clothing 7.2%; footwear 3.7%; minerals and mineral products 5.4%; base metals 8.4%; machinery and tools 19.8%; vehicles and other transport material 13.2%; optical and precision instruments 0.9%; other products 3.9%. Imports--€53.1 billion (approx. $77.9 billion): Agricultural products 8.4%; food products 3.4%; oil products 5.3%; chemical products 9.1%; plastics and rubber 4.6%; skins and leather 0.9%; wood and cork 1.2%; wood pulp and paper 2.4%; textile materials 3.3%; clothing 2.5%; footwear 0.8%; minerals and mineral products 1.7%; base metals 9.6%; machinery and tools 19.9%; vehicles and other transport material 11.7%; optical and precision instruments 2.1%; other products 13.1%. Export partners: Spain (27.4%); Germany (13.1%); France (12.4%); United Kingdom (7.1%); United States (6.1%); others (33.9%). All EU-27 (77.4%). Import partners: Spain (30.5%); Germany (13.8%); France (8.4%); Italy (5.8%); United States (1.5%); others (40%). All EU-27 (75.6%).

U.S. Trade With Portugal (2006): Exports--$1.47 billion: Civilian aircraft 26.2%; semiconductors 12.6%; civilian aircraft engines 6.1%; civilian aircraft parts 4.2%; fish and shellfish 3.9%; logs and lumber 3.7%; soybeans 3.2%; medicinal equipment 2.7%; chemicals-organic 1.7%; telecommunications equipment 1.7%; petroleum products 1.6%; corn 1.5%. Imports--$3.04 billion: Petroleum products 22.7%; computer accessories and parts 13.4%; semiconductors and related devices 11.6%; apparel and household goods 7.4%; passenger cars new and used 3.9%; paper and paper products 2.8%; wine products 2.3%; footwear 1.9%.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI, 2006): Incoming FDI by industry: Real estate, rentals and services to companies--60.1%; financial activities--17.5%; manufacturing--7.4%; wholesale and retail--5.7%; other--4.4%; construction--3.8%; electricity, gas, water--0.6%; lodging and restaurants--0.3%; transport, warehousing and communication--0.2%. Incoming FDI by country in Euros (total €27.7 billion; approx. $40.6 billion): Germany--5.1 billion; United Kingdom--4.5 billion; France--3.8 billion; Netherlands--3.8 billion; Spain--3.6 billion; Luxembourg--1.3 billion; Switzerland--1.0 billion; Belgium--0.7 billion; United States--0.7 billion; Finland--0.6 billion; other--2.6 billion. Portuguese FDI abroad by country in Euros (total €5.6 billion; approx. $8.2 billion): Netherlands--1.3 billion; Spain--0.9 billion; Brazil--0.5 billion; Poland--0.4 billion; Denmark--0.4 billion; Angola--0.3 billion; Ireland--0.3 billion; Luxembourg--0.2 billion; United States--0.2 billion; France--0.1 billion; other--1.0 billion.